equals the center frequency divided by the dif-mixing by sending the original sound to an
ference between the upper and lower �3dBelectronic (or electronic/acoustic) system that
frequencies. A peaking EQ centered at 10kHzmimics natural reverberation, or worse. The
whose �3dB points are 7.5kHz and 12.5kHz hasadded reverb is returned to the blend through
a Q of 2.additional mixer inputs. Highly reverberant
RCA phono jackNor RCA jackrooms are called live; rooms with very little re-
or phono jackverberation are called dead. A sound source
An RCA phono jack is an inexpensive con-without added reverb is dry; one with reverb or
nector (female) introduced by RCA andecho added is wet.
originally used to connect phonographs to radioRMS
receivers and phono preamplifiers. The phonoAn acronym for root mean square, a conven-
jack was (and still is) widely used on consumertional way to measure AC voltage and audio
stereo equipment and video equipment but wassignal voltage. Most AC voltmeters are cali-
quietly fading into obscurity in the professionalbrated to read RMS volts. Other conventions
and semi-professional sound world. Then phonoinclude average volts, peak volts and peak-to-
jacks began cropping up in early project-studiopeak volts.
multitrack recorders, which (unfortunately)send
gave them a new lease on life. Since so manyA term used to describe a secondary mix and
stereo recorders are fitted with them, we de-output of the input signals, typically used for
cided weOd have to put a couple on our mixersfoldback monitors, headphone monitors or effects
for your convenience. But make no mistake: thedevices. Mackie mixers call it an Aux Send.
only thing that the phono jack (or plug) hasshelving
going for it is low cost.A term used to describe the shape of an
RCA phono plugequalizerOs frequency response. A shelving
The male counterpart to an RCA phonoequalizerOs response begins to rise (or fall) at
jack. See above.some frequency and continues to fall (or rise)
regenerationuntil it reaches the shelf frequency, at which
Also called recirculation. A delay effect cre-point the response curve flattens out and re-
ated by feeding the output of a delay back intomains flat to the limits of audibility. If you were
itself to cause a delay of the delay of the delay.to graph the response, it would look like a shelf.
You can do it right on the front panel of manyOr more like a shelf than a hiking boot. The EQ
effects units, or you can route the delay returncontrols on your stereo are usually shelving
back into itself on your mixer. Can be a greatequalizers. See also peaking and dipping.
deal of fun at parties.slap, slapback
returnA single-delay echo without any repeats.
A return is a mixer line input dedicated toAlso see echo.
the task of returning processed or addedsolo
sound from reverb, echo and other effects de-Italian for alone. In audio mixers, a solo cir-
vices. Depending on the internal routing ofcuit allows the engineer to listen to individual
your mixer and your own inclination, you couldchannels, buses or other circuits singly or in
use returns as additional line inputs, or youcombination with other soloed signals.
could route your reverb outputs to ordinarySR
line inputs rather than the returns.An acronym for Sound Reinforcement,
reverberation, reverbwhich refers to a system of amplifying acoustic
The sound remaining in a room after theand electronic sounds from a performance or
source of sound is stopped. ItOs what you hearspeech so that a large audience can hear
in a large tiled room immediately after youOveclearly. Or, in popular music, so that a large au-
clapped your hands. Reverberation and echodience can be excited, stunned or even
are terms that can be used interchangeably,partially deafened by the tremendous amplifi-
but in audio parlance a distinction is usuallycation. Means essentially the same thing as PA
made: reverberation is considered to be a dif-(Public Address).
fuse, continuously smooth decay of sound,
whereas echo is a distinct, recognizable repeti-
tion of a word, note, phrase or sound.
Reverberation and echo can be added in sound
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